What type of appeal focuses on authority and credibility?

The answer focuses on ethos, which is the rhetorical appeal that emphasizes the credibility and ethical character of the speaker or writer. Ethos is crucial in persuasive communication, as it helps establish trust and authority. When an author or speaker demonstrates knowledge, experience, or moral integrity, they are more likely to persuade the audience. This appeal convinces the audience that the speaker has the right qualifications to discuss the subject matter and that their viewpoint is trustworthy.

In contrast, the other types of appeals operate differently. Logos refers to logical reasoning and the use of facts or statistics to persuade an audience. Pathos appeals to the emotions of the audience, aiming to evoke feelings that support the speaker’s argument. Rationalism is more about logical reasoning in a philosophical context and isn't one of the primary rhetorical appeals. Hence, ethos distinctly emphasizes authority and credibility, making it the correct answer.